Since the beginning of history, mankind has always been looking for a way to overcome the limitations of his material body and achieve superhuman power. The history of strengthening the physical strength of warriors and soldiers is as old as the history of war on earth. A history whose beginning may not be far from the landing of mankind on this planet. The presence of Rointen heroes in the corners of the legends of different nations, from Esfandiar in the Shahnameh of Hakim Tus to Achilles, the Rointen warrior in Homer’s epic and Siegfried in Scandinavian myths; All of them testify to the fact that since the beginning of history, mankind has always been looking for a way to overcome the limitations of his material body and achieve superhuman power. During this search of several thousand years, mankind has tried to cross this barrier sometimes with magic and sorcery and strange sciences, sometimes with the help of energizing and hallucinatory potions and drugs, and sometimes with the power of the mind, mysticism and behavior of ancient warriors and warriors. In the current era, mankind, armed with the weapon of science and technology, has tried to give them an objective reality with the help of the facilities provided by knowledge, instead of creating legends and myths. He and his entry into the world are superhuman, it requires preliminaries that inevitably dig into philosophy and strategic sciences and sometimes ideological discussions; Which, of course, is not a strange and new issue regarding technique and technology in the western world. Technique and technology in Western civilization are intermingled with the integrated whole of this civilization. In Western civilization, technique is the fruit of a tree whose branch is knowledge, its trunk is Western philosophy, and its root is physics and metaphysics of Western civilization. This complex integrated whole makes the analysis of technique and technology in Western civilization inseparable from philosophical literature; which will be briefly examined during these lines. With a brief glance at the course of technologies related to man and his material body in Western civilization, we can reach undeniable propositions about the direction and direction of technological progress in Western humanistic human civilization and its strategic horizons. In order to escape from death – which in his opinion is the end of the world – the Western humanist has tried to establish immortality for himself in this material world, and if he stands on the peak of biotechnology in his fourth scientific revolution, he is still searching for the same immortality; But this time, with the taste of technology. In the first technological utopias drawn in the minds of Western civilization thinkers, the human body was completely invalid, and on the other hand, his mind had originality and was considered the source of his identity. With the birth of computer science and robotics, Western technology scientists promised utopias in which the human mind is separated from its fragile and physically limited body and loaded into the artificial brain of a computer or a half-human-half-machine cyborg, and thus, post-human immortality. It will be created that is able to reach a new level of life regardless of the pain and common limitations of human life. Many experts in various fields of technology – considering the current developments in technologies related to the evolution of life and human vital mechanisms – have put forth numerous and more or less similar predictions. According to artificial intelligence expert Raymond Kurzweil, the transfer of human minds to immortal robots will provide the next stage of evolution. (Synthesis of machine; immortal human; Robosapines) [2] This view looks like science-fiction works; But Kurzweil in his 1999 book entitled “The Age of Soul Machines” [3] states this as an inevitable scientific fact. Venor Winch[4], a mathematician and writer of science-fiction works, called this development “strangeness”[5] and believes that it may eventually lead to the physical extinction of the human race. “Hans Moravek”[6], one of the pioneers of robotic science, in his book entitled “Robot; From the machine body to the sublime mind” [7] while reflecting the views of Vinge and Kurzweil, predicts a utopian future dominated by robots and biological technologies for mankind. From the point of view of biotechnology, many predictions have been made for the post-human life of the human race; Among them, we can predict “Gregory Stock”[8] in his book entitled “Meta Man; The integration of humans and machines, in order to create a global super organism” [9] pointed out. In this book, it is predicted that the human species will achieve post-human perfection through genetic engineering.

[10]
With the completion of the human genome map at the beginning of the 3rd millennium, followed by the development of biotechnologies related to genetic manipulation, the futurist thinkers of Western civilization spread a new utopia in front of their vision. The policy of biotechnology in this new perspective was exactly opposite to the approach of cyborg technology, but with the same goals. The pioneers of cyborg technology tried to improve the – in their opinion – weak and flawed human body by using electronic and mechanical components. On the other hand, biotechnology, although they agreed with their counterparts in cyborg technology in the imperfection of the human body, but saw the solution in improving the human body through biological processes. Today, this group of leading biotechnologists are trying to improve the existing species with the help of engineering the development paths of living organisms at the molecular level. Biological engineering in the service of creating superhuman super soldiers. In its classic definition, biological weapons refer to natural or engineered lethal pathogens that are used as weapons of mass destruction. But in the near future, the military forces will be equipped with new offensive and defensive abilities with the help of biotechnology; which are not necessarily fatal. The influence of the military sectors in the development of biotechnology is so impressive that, according to many, today the most advanced and complex ideas of biotechnology are being carried out, not by academic scientists and researchers, but by the laboratories of military centers and under strict security measures and far from the reach of public opinion. “California Biotechnology Cooperative Institute” wpcodeself is one of these military centers that was established by the United States Army in 2003 with an initial budget of fifty million dollars and its headquarters is located at the University of California.[11]

Among the research goals that are being pursued in this institute, we can include such things as designing organic military uniforms with the ability to change color for camouflage, hardening the outer shell against bullet hits, making soldiers invisible to censors, or designing armored vehicles with self-healing coating. The design of bulletproof and self-healing human coatings, the production of microorganisms that corrode rubber, glass and metal.[12]
Currently, one of the long-term goals of the military sectors in the field of biotechnology-based weapons is to reduce the use of classical lethal biological weapons and, instead, to focus on increasing the efficiency of the soldiers’ bodies. In this regard, in 2001, Star 21 published a report titled “Strategic Technologies for the 21st Century Army”; According to that, the Army Science and Technology Committee, as a subsidiary of the National Research Council of the United States, is pursuing an ambitious plan to improve the soldiers’ bodies through the processes of genetic engineering, gene editing and rearrangement, as well as the addition of cells from different species. And achieved a generation of super soldiers. The author of this article believes that in the future, US Army Special Forces soldiers will be bio-engineered to acquire defensive traits as well as characteristics suitable for covert military operations. Currently, in most of the reports and documents that are published in relation to the project of the super soldiers of the future armies, one name appears more than any other research center; “Defense Advanced Research Projects Organization”
[14] or “DARPA” for short. DARPA is a research and technology organization; which was established in 1958 under the supervision of the United States Department of Defense and its task is to develop and manufacture new technologies for the use of the American military. It is safe to say that DARPA is the leader in the field of technologies that are supposed to transform future soldiers into superhuman beings. The evidence that will be mentioned in this article is only a part of the huge activities and big investments that are managed by this military scientific organization.[15]
As one of the key research organizations of the US military, DARPA has made a clear turn in its military strategies for several years. For several years, Pentagon managers and strategists have been seeking to create living killing machines that are physically and neurologically more advanced than existing examples. [16] The soldiers of the future will have more muscular strength and coordination of nerves and muscles, reaction power and IQ. Their body injuries will heal much faster than a normal human. They will need less food and rest. They will feel less pain and show even less fear and human emotions. Today, the focus on this military strategy has increased to such an extent that according to the available documents, the Pentagon spends four hundred million dollars annually to strengthen and improve the combat power of its soldiers; Among these, a significant share of this budget is spent on researches based on genetic engineering and gene manipulation. For example, in this case, according to the announcement of the Board research institute – affiliated with MIT University – this institute received a budget equivalent to 32 million dollars from DARPA; To develop processes related to the design and production of recombinant DNA.
[18] Research related to the creation of super soldiers in DARPA can be classified into three main areas: increasing the efficiency of energy production in the soldiers’ bodies and increasing the hours of continuous activity, increasing the speed of repairing injuries caused by war injuries, and finally, reducing the amount of fear and pain in the nervous system.[19]
This new strategy has been partially successful; Even DARPA itself allowed people like Simon Conway behind its security walls to prepare a report on their activities. This procedure shows that DARPA has probably achieved important results and intends to prepare public opinion with these media policies to accept the future world. It allows them to convert their body fat into energy more efficiently. Soldiers with this type of engineered genes are able to be present in the scene of conflict for many days without needing to consume food, and in addition, their food ration will occupy less space in their heavy and bulky equipment.[20]
After announcing the successful results of a child who lost a finger and with the help of cell culture technologies and changing the signaling pathways in the damaged tissue, his finger tissue grew again, DARPA officials have also dedicated a lot of money to research that aims to find There were mechanisms that could activate this repair process in adults as well.[21]According to Conway, one of DARPA’s most recent breakthroughs is finding genetic mechanisms that can turn off sleep triggers in humans. Conway reports on a drug that has been tested on US Army helicopter pilots and allows them to fly continuously for more than forty hours while maintaining their level of alertness and concentration even after two days of continuous activity without rest. Keep in good condition. According to official statements made by reputable research centers, DARPA programs in the field of rapid healing of injuries and increasing the survival rate of soldiers on the battlefield have also achieved significant success. Accordingly, the Texas A&M Institute has received $9.9 million in funding from DARPA for the successful results of its research in this field. In the method invented by this institute, the golden time for resuscitation of the injured has been increased to six hours, thus giving more time to the rescue forces to deal with the injured.
[22] By developing technologies like this, DARPA will create soldiers in the not-so-distant future who will be resistant to bullets, injuries and bleeding like the walking dead in zombie movies, and even with deep wounds, they will be able to continue their activities. DARPA science is even going to go beyond this. According to the reports of the reliable publication WIRED, one of the projects being pursued in this organization is simulating the artificial sleep of creatures such as squirrels in humans.[23]
The researchers of this project are trying to use genetic engineering to control pancreatic enzymes shared between humans and squirrels in such a way that an injured soldier can be put into an artificial sleep close to a coma. In this way, the severity of his injury will be significantly reduced until he reaches the equipped medical centers. In this regard, Dr. Mark Roth, a researcher at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, has been able to block the access pathways of the body cells of these organisms to oxygen by adjusting the hydrogen sulfide in the breathing air of mice and roundworms. [24] The results obtained from this research indicate that the vital activities in the test samples are temporarily stopped. Brain activities are shut down, heart stops beating and bleeding stops in tissue injuries. With the same method, Dr. Roth was able to keep the rats alive for ten days in the same conditions, even after removing 60% of their blood, by adjusting the level of hydrogen sulfide. In fact, it can be claimed that Dr. Roth was able to create immortal living beings with this method, which, if repeated on humans, would result in the creation of an army of immortal soldiers. Soldiers who are shot, but do not die. Just like the mythological heroes like Esfandiar and Achilles, they were protected against the blows of the sword.
[26]DARPA-related research projects do not only increase the defensive capabilities of soldiers on the battlefield, and some research results have focused on increasing the offensive power of a military force. A significant portion of the U.S. military’s medical expenses are spent on the treatment of psychological disorders caused by the psychological trauma of battlefield violence – or PTSD for short. One of the effective solutions to reduce PTSD in soldiers is to clear the memory of the abnormal memories that cause these complications. According to a report published in the Independent magazine in 2011, Professor “Roger Pitman” – a psychiatrist at the Harvard Medical School – invented a new treatment method with a drug called “propranol”; Its consumption significantly reduces the harmful effects on memory. DARPA policymakers hope that by developing and improving drug treatments like this, they can create cold-blooded and ruthless soldiers for whom the violence of the battlefield is as exciting as watching a sports match in a sports stadium. Currently, the bioengineering of soldiers’ bodies is the focus of organizations such as DARPA; But parts of DARPA are still researching and developing technologies that increase the combat ability of soldiers in the context of electronics, mechanics and cyborgs. Considering the mentioned cases regarding this dangerous technology and since America has been our constant enemy, it is necessary for such organizations to be given special attention by the authorities. Source:

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